Curiosity Rover to Scoop Up 1st Mars Samples This Weekend

NASA's Mars rover Curiosity will scoop up its first batch of Martian soil samples this weekend, scientists announced today (Oct. 4).
The 1-ton Curiosity rover arrived at a sandy patch called "Rocknest" on Wednesday (Oct. 3). Mission scientists have deemed it a good spot for the robot's maiden scooping activities, which should begin Saturday (Oct. 6), if all goes according to plan.

Read further...

Hubble Goes to the eXtreme to Assemble Farthest Ever View of the Universe

Like photographers assembling a portfolio of best shots, astronomers have assembled a new, improved portrait of mankind's deepest-ever view of the universe. Called the eXtreme Deep Field, or XDF, the photo was assembled by combining 10 years of NASA Hubble Space Telescope photographs taken of a patch of sky at the center of the original Hubble Ultra Deep Field.

The XDF is a small fraction of the angular diameter of the full Moon. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field is an image of a small area of space in the constellation Fornax, created using Hubble Space Telescope data from 2003 and 2004.

By collecting faint light over many hours of observation, it revealed thousands of galaxies, both nearby and very distant, making it the deepest image of the universe ever taken at that time.

The new full-color XDF image reaches much fainter galaxies and includes very deep exposures in red light from Hubble's new infrared camera, enabling new studies of the earliest galaxies in the universe. The XDF contains about 5,500 galaxies even within its smaller field of view.

The faintest galaxies are one ten-billionth the brightness of what the human eye can see.

More:  HubbleSite

All systems go for Felix Baumgartner's 23-mile-high freefall toward sound barrier

His blood could boil. His lungs could overinflate. The vessels in his brain could burst. His eyes could hemorrhage.

And, yes, he could break his neck while jumping from a mind-boggling altitude of 23 miles (37 kilometers).

But the risk of a gruesome death has never stopped "Fearless Felix" Baumgartner in all his years of skydiving and skyscraper leaping, and it's not about to now.

Next Monday over New Mexico, he will attempt the highest, fastest free fall in history and try to become the first skydiver to break the sound barrier.

"So many unknowns," Baumgartner says, "but we have solutions to survive."

The 43-year-old former military parachutist from Austria is hoping to reach 690 mph (1,110 kph), or Mach 1, after leaping from his balloon-hoisted capsule over the desert near Roswell.

• Read more...

The astronomical unit (AU) gets fixed

Earth–Sun distance changes from slippery equation to single number.

149,597,870,700 metres

Without fanfare, astronomers have redefined one of the most important distances in the Solar System. The astronomical unit (au) — the rough distance from the Earth to the Sun — has been transformed from a confusing calculation into a single number. The new standard, adopted in August by unanimous vote at the International Astronomical Union's meeting in Beijing, China, is now 149,597,870,700 metres — no more, no less.

More information: Nature 

Bright New Comet on the Way

Bright New Comet on the Way
There’s another comet on the way. And this might be a great one. Called Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON), this comet is about as far away as Jupiter, but it’s expected to buzz the Sun late next year and, if it stays intact, may become as bright as the full Moon.

The comet was discovered by a Russian team of astronomers at the International Scientific Optical Network (ISON). At magnitude +18, the comet is currently beyond the reach of amateur telescopes. But the orbital elements have been calculated, and they show the comet will come amazingly close to the Sun– just 2 million km— on November 28, 2013. In mid-November through December 2013 and into January 2014, the comet may reach negative magnitudes, possible as bright as -11 to -16, which means it will be visible during the day!

Because their composition is not exactly known, each comet is unpredictable. So no one can knows for sure how bright this comet will become, or if it will survive its close encounter with the Sun.  Still, this is promising news. And this comet, unlike many recent bright comets, will be visible at mid-northern latitudes.

Southern stargazers will get their own bright comet next year. Comet Pan-STARRS is expected to become visible without optical aid next March, and come within 45 million km of the Sun on March 9, 2013.

So get your binoculars, telescopes, and cameras ready. Next year should be a good one for bright comets, perhaps the best year since 1996 when Comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp graced our skies…

• Source: One Minute Astronomer 
• More... Space.com

Braai Facts: The sun loses 4 million tons of mass per second.

Some facts when you hit that silent moment at a boring braai: 

The sun becomes four million tonnes lighter every second (not minute or hour -  every second).  If there is no reaction. Leave the braai immediately and go home!

It is because  of the fussion taking place in its core. Every second  600 million tonnes of hydrogen are turned into 596  million tonnes of helium. That means that 4 million tonnes goes missing every single second.  That mass is converted into energy, giving us some sunlight.

Why is it not running out of "steam"?  It's total mass is two thousand million  million  million  million tonnes.

Chew on that!

Source:  The Sky at Night. Answers to Questions from Across the Universe -  Patrick Moore and Chris North.

Sterre en Planete besoek Boyden-sterrewag

Prof Marian Tredoux (links) van die Departement Geologie van die Universiteit van die Vrystaat het by `n Vriende-aand meer vertel oor meteoriete van Mars wat ons op die aarde kry, en ook hoe belangrik die Curiosity-sending is.

Hennie Maas, prograamaanbieder van Sterre en Planete (regs)  het die program wat op 14 Augustus op RSG uitgesaai is die aand opgeneem.  Prof. Matie Hoffman (middel), `n gereelde deelnemer aan Sterre en Planete luister hier aandagtig na een van Hennie se vrae.

• Luister of laai die potgooi af as jy dit gemis het. (Vrydag, 14 September)

Viewing Alert: Jupiter May Have Been Impacted by a Fireball

Viewing Alert: Jupiter May Have Been Impacted by a Fireball

2013 Karoo Starparty

Foto: 2010, Britstown Star Party

The ASSA Pretoria Centre wants to hold its fifth National Karoo Starparty during the
weekend of 9 to 11 August 2013 about 20 km north of Britstown in the Karoo, right next
to the N12 at the Kambro Padstal. The reason for this locality, apart from the fabulous
Karoo skies, is that it is almost exactly halfway between Gauteng and the Cape Town
area, so we can all drive the same distance to the site. The first event of this type was held
during April 2009 and proved to be a huge success. The Karoo lived up to its reputation
and provided magnificent views to those lucky enough to be present.

More information from: Pretoria branch of the Astronomical Society of South Africa

To book, please book contact Wilma Strauss, the Manager of Kambro, directly at
0833056668 or at e-mail: kambro@albieswireless.co.za

Neil Armstrong: 1930-2012

Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, has died, following complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures. He was 82.

Armstrong's words "That is one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind," spoken on July 20, 1969, as he became the first person ever to step onto another planetary body, instantly became a part of history.

Source: NASA

Read more...

Comet C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS) in Southern Sky

Source: Copyright © 2012 by Leonid Elenin (Russia)

Images of PANSTARRS acquired by Leonid Elenin on 2012 July 14 (left) and August 9 (right).

Skytools 3 Information

On this night (18 August 2012) C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS) is best visible between 18:53 and 21:40, with the optimum view at 19:15. Look for it in Libra, high in the sky in complete darkness. It is detectable visually in the Orion SkyQuest XT10 Dob. Use the Ultima 42mm for optimum visual detection. It is magnitude 10 with a diameter of 4.8'.

In the following 30 days this object is detectable visually from August 19-26, and again from September 2 on, with the best view coming on September 17. During this period it will brighten slowly and move lower in the sky.

C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS) will reach perihelion in early March 2013. It also is predicted to reach maximum brightness of magnitude -3 in early March. The best visibility from Bloemfontein, Boyden, ZA near maximum brightness is predicted to be in early March when it will be approximately magnitude -3. At that time it will be in Pisces, very low in the western sky during evening twilight and will be obvious in the Orion SkyQuest XT10 Dob. Note that the magnitude and visibility of a comet can be very unpredictable.

 

Visible in Libra - 18 August 2012

Links fo more information:

  

•  Comet Chasing in August (Skyhound, Skytools 3)
•  C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
•  New comet may be visible to the naked eye in 2013

Javascript AstroTools

•  Online Javascript Astro Tools
  
•  Download astrotools.zip

NASA's Curiosity Rover Caught in the Act of Landing

NASA's Curiosity rover and its parachute were spotted by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as Curiosity descended to the surface on Aug. 5 PDT (Aug. 6 EDT). Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona 

PASADENA, Calif. – An image from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance orbiter captured the Curiosity rover still connected to its 51-foot-wide (almost 16 meter) parachute as it descended towards its landing site at Gale Crater.
"If HiRISE took the image one second before or one second after, we probably would be looking at an empty Martian landscape," said Sarah Milkovich, HiRISE investigation scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "When you consider that we have been working on this sequence since March and had to upload commands to the spacecraft about 72 hours prior to the image being taken, you begin to realize how challenging this picture was to obtain."
The image of Curiosity on its parachute can be found at: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15978b.html
The image was taken while MRO was 211 miles (340 kilometers) away from the parachuting rover. Curiosity and its rocket-propelled backpack, contained within the conical-shaped back shell, had yet to be deployed. At the time, Curiosity was about two miles (three kilometers) above the Martian surface.
"Guess you could consider us the closest thing to paparazzi on Mars," said Milkovich. "We definitely caught NASA's newest celebrity in the act."

NASA's Curiosity rover has landed on Mars!

Firtst Image from Curiosity

Curiosity Lands on Mars

Mon, 06 Aug 2012 07:32:54 AM GMT+0200

 NASA's most advanced Mars rover, Curiosity, has landed on the Red Planet. The one-ton rover, hanging by ropes from a rocket backpack, touched down onto Mars early Monday EDT to end a 36-week flight and begin a two-year investigation.

President Obama said the landing "will stand as a point of national pride far into the future."

More news

Boyden Observatory Open Evening - 4 August 2012

 Dr. Brian van Soelen - Explaining the SKA Telescope…

National Science Week 2012

Boyden Observatory Open Evening

4 August 2012
18h30 for 19:00

18:30: Observing with the 13-inch telescope - Saturn
19:00: Presentation on SKA: Dr. Brian van Soelen - Explaining the SKA Telescope…
19:45 Observing through telescopes weather permitting
Informal outdoor presentation

Refreshments for sale

Proposed donation: R 30 per car
Booking essential: Yolandie Fick: (051) 401 9751 FickY@ufs.ac.za
Presented by: Friends of Boyden Observatory and the  en die Amateur Astronomy Society

Nasionale Wetenskapweek 2012

Boyden Sterrewag Ope-aand

04 Augustus 2012,
18h30 vir / for 19:00

18:30: Waarneming deur 13-duim teleskoop - Saturnus
19:00: Presentation on SKA: Dr. Brian van Soelen - Explaining the SKA Telescope…
19:45: Waarnemings deur teleskope indien die weer dit toelaat.
Informele buite-aanbieding

Verversings te koop

Voorgestelde donasie: R 30 per motor
Bespreking noodsaaklik
Yolandie Fick: (051) 401 9751 FickY@ufs.ac.za

Aangebied deur: Vriende van Boyden Sterrewag en die Amateur Sterrekunde Vereniging

Challenges of Getting to Mars: Curiosity's Seven Minutes of Terror

Astronomy Books at a Bargain Price!

Bargain Books opened in Bloemfontein, Preller Square and these bargain price books are on the shelve.
Alson in Welkom: Goldfields Mall

Astronomica  (R199) 

- A Coffee Table book with a foreword by Sir Patrick Moore, 524 Pages packed with information.

Publication Date: 2007  Reprinted 2010

Written in an engaging and accessible format, Astronomica is an invaluable reference book. There are comprehensive profils of each of the planets in our Solar System, the dwarf planets, the major stars, and other astronomical bodies. The galaxies - including the Milky Way - are examined. The history of cosmology focuses on the advances that have been made through the centuries, up to the latest in cutting-edge technology. The chapter on space exploration discusses early program development, historical milestones, current ventures, the role of space stations, and the long-distance spacecraft sent out to the far reaches of the Solar System and beyond. Successful sky-watching is covered, with detailed charts of each of the 88 recognized constellations, helpful monthly sky charts, and information on equipment. Discover all you need to know about the cosmos and its fascinating features. Stunning photographs (including dual page fold-outs), detailed charts and illustrations, fact files, and timelines enhance the descriptive and informative text, as Astronomica brings the cosmic world within easy reach. (Source: Amazon)

The Practical Astronomer

Publication Date: May 17, 2010

For anyone who's ever looked at the night sky and wanted to know more about the galaxy around them, The Practical Astronomer shows readers how to discover and understand the mysteries of the solar system and beyond. Illustrated throughout with detailed photographs and illustrations, and using clear, easy-to-follow text, The Practical Astronomer takes you on a step-by-step journey from the basics of what can be seen with the naked eye, to how you can view more distant objects such as the planets of the solar system, and even galaxies far, far away-all in your own backyard. Source: Amazon

The Practical Skywatcher's Handbook. by David H. Levy, John O'Byrne

Publication Date: January 1, 2012

This practical, hands-on guide is the sailor's essential atlas of the sky. Assuming no prior knowledge, this comprehensive, practical handbook helps the user at sea or on land read and understand the changing sky. Readers are given hands-on advice on how to read the night sky and star charts, as well as information on whether particular stars can be seen with the naked eye or require binoculars or a telescope. At the core of the book are 150 sky charts, showing what features can be seen in each position and when. Every constellation in the northern and southern hemisphere is mapped out. Simple methods are given for finding the biggest, brightest stars and then identifying other lesser stars by their relative position. For sailors out of the sight of land, celestial navigation really comes into its own - providing a sure means of checking the boat's position even when GPS and other electronics malfunction. This book will provide a complete reference as to what stars and constellations they should be able to use when and where in the world. The Practical Skywatcher's Handbook is ideal for anyone, on land or sea, wanting a complete guide to the night sky. Source: Amazon

UFS101 Astronomy Fair in Bloemfontein

Click to enlarge

Maklik `n duisend Vrystaters het die Sterrekundefees by die Universiteit van die Vrystaat in Bloemfontein bygewoon. Hier kyk van die toeskouers hoe vuurpyle gelanseer word.

• Foto's op die Universiteit se facebook blad

UFS101 ASTRONOMY FAIR - 21 July 2012 | UFS101 STERREKUNDEFEES - 21 Julie 2012

UFS101 ASTRONOMY FAIR

UFS101 and the Bloemfontein Centre of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa (ASSA) are joining forces to bring you the First-ever Astronomy Fair on University of the Free State Campus. This will be held in the Callie Human on the 21 July 2012 from 10:00-13:00 at the UFS.

You are invited to:

·         Observe the sun through a specially equipped telescope;

·         Witness the launching of Demo Rockets;

·         See exhibits explaining how astronomy and other sciences interact

·         Hear the latest news about SKA-South Africa and astronomy developments in Bloemfontein

·         Explore the latest astronomy applications for your iPhone/ iPad

The entrance is free and you are welcome to bring the whole family. There will be tuckshop facilities available.

PROGRAMME FOR 21 JULY

Time	Activity	Venue
09:30 -10:15	Presentation: Higgs Bozon and other invisible things in the universe by Prof. Hoffman	Badminton Hall
10:00 - 13:00	(08:30 Building of Rockets) 10:00 Expo 12:00 Launching of Rockets	Callie Human

UFS101 STERREKUNDEFEES

UFS101 en die Bloemfontein Sentrum van die Astronomical Society of Southern Africa (ASSA) span saam om die eerste Astronomy Fair op die Universiteit van die Vrystaat kampus aantebied. Dit sal op 21 Julie 2012 om 10:00- 13:00 in die Callie Human Sentrumvan die UV gehou word.

U word uitgenooi om:

·         Na die son deur 'n spesiaal toegeruste teleskoop te kyk;

·         Die lansering van demonstrasie vuurpyle te aanskou;

·         Uitstallings te sien wat die interaksie tussen astronomie en die ander wetenskappe verduidelik;

·         Die jongste nuus oor die SKA-SuidAfrika en astronomie verwikkelinge in Bloemfontein te hoor.

·         Die jongste astronomie toepassings (apps) vir jou iPhone/iPad te verken.

Toegang is gratis en u is welkom om die hele gesin saam te bring. Daar sal ook 'n snoepwinkel beskikbaar wees.

PROGRAM VIR 21 JULY

Tyd	Aktiwiteit	Plek
09:30 -10:15	Aanbieding: Higgs Bozon en ander onsigbare dinge in die heelal deur Prof. Hoffman	Pluimbalsaal
10:00 - 13:00	(08:30 Bou van vuurpyle) 10:00 Uitstalling 12:00 Lansering van vuurpyle	Callie Human

--
____________________________
Bloemfontein Sterrekundevereniging
Bloemfontein Astronomy Society*

*Blog*: assabfn.blogspot.com
*Web*: www.assabfn.co.za
**

   - As jy nie e-posse van ons wil ontvang nie, kan jy `n e-pos aan
   assabfn@gmail.com stuur en vra om van die adreslys verwyder te word.
   - If you do not want to receive emails from us, please send an email to
   assabfn@gmail.com and ask to be removed from the address list.
  

Winners of the IceInSpace Calendar Competition

Winner: Solar Eclipse. Annular Eclipse over Texas by Bob Adams, with 69.52% of the vote.

After running the IceInSpace Calendar Competition during May and June, over 250 images were submitted and after a record breaking 950+ votes by the extended IceInSpace Community, the winning images have now been chosen by you!

• View the winning images: http://goo.gl/RX5Z4

Your IceInSpace Astronomy Calendar 2013 will be on sale in the IceInSpace Shop from early August. Then you can buy plenty of calendars for yourself, your family and friends, work colleagues etc :)

Congrats to all winners and thanks to the IceInSpace Community for your part in making this competition a success.

• Visit the IceInSpace Forum and join them! 

Astronomy Fair | Sterrekundefees

Sterrekundefees -  21 Julie 2012

UFS101 en die Bloemfontein Sentrum van die Astronomie Vereniging van Suider-Afrika
(AVSA / ASSA) span saam om die eerste Sterrekundefees op die Hoofkampus van die Universiteit van die Vrystaat aan te bied.

Dit sal op 21 Julie 2012 van 9:30 vm. tot 1 nm. in die Callie Human Sentrum van die UV gehou word.

U word uitgenooi om:

· Na die son deur ‘n spesiaal toegeruste teleskoop te kyk;

· Na die lansering van demo-vuurpyle te kyk;

· Uitstallings te sien wat die interaksie tussen astronomie en die ander wetenskappe uitbeeld;

· Die jongste nuus oor die SKA Suid-Afrika en astronomie verwikkelinge in Bloemfontein te hoor;

· Die jongste astronomie toepassings (apps) vir jou iPhone/iPad te verken.

Toegang is gratis en u is welkom om die hele gesin saam te bring. Daar sal ook ‘n snoepwinkel beskikbaar wees.

Om 9:30 - 10:15 sal Prof. Matie Hoffman ‘n lesing aanbied oor Die Higgs Boson en ander onsigbare dinge in die Heelal.

…………………………………………………

Astronomy Fair - 21 July

UFS101 and the Bloemfontein Centre of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa (ASSA) are joining forces to bring you the First-ever Astronomy Fair on University of the Free State Main Campus.

This will be held in the Callie Human on the 21 July 2012 from 10:00-13:00 at the UFS.

You are invited to:

· Observe the sun through a specially equipped telescope;

· Witness the launching of Demo Rockets;

· See exhibits explaining how astronomy and other sciences interact;

· Hear the latest news about SKA South Africa and astronomy developments in Bloemfontein;

· Explore the latest astronomy applications (apps) for your iPhone/ iPad.

The entrance is free and you are welcome to bring the whole family. There will be tuck shop facilities available.

At 9:30 - 10:15 Prof. Matie Hoffman will do a presentation on The Higgs Boson and other invisible things in the universe.

Venus, Jupiter and the Moon are gathering in our early morning skies

Image: Stellarium 15 July 2012
(Click to Enlarge)

Venus is now our very bright "morning star" over in the east, before sunrise.
Jupiter is the not-quite-as-bright one a little higher, to the left of Venus.  The fainter reddish one now above Venus is Aldebaran, eye of Taurus the Bull, and over to the right of all this is Orion.

This weekend, the waning crescent Moon moves down through Taurus.  Look on:
- Saturday morning - Moon, Jupiter, Venus in (almost) a straight line
- Sunday morning - Moon just below Jupiter
- Monday morning - Jupiter, Venus and the Moon in a triangle
- Tuesday morning - last look at the old crescent, in a big triangle with Venus and Betelgeuse (shoulder of Orion).

A map of all this is at www.planetarium.co.za

The Moon will re-appear in the early evening skies as a thin crescent over in the west on July 20th, marking the start of the Islamic month of Ramadhan.  Look out for earthshine on the crescent.

Big Sunspot 1520 Releases X1.4 Class Flare

Huge sunspot AR1520, located front and center in the Sun's southern hemisphere, has released an X1.4 class flare.

• Soho
• Spaceweather.com

Sunrise at Reebok

Early one morning!
Photo Hannes Pieterse

Full Moon at Reebok

The Full moon visible in the Earth Shadow
Photo: Hannes Pieterse

Neville Young's Books - Astronomy Within Reach - and Sterrekunde Binne Bereik

Available in English and Afrikaans

Neville Young, a long time member of the Pretoria Astronomical Centre for 25 years, who over the years at star gazing evenings and even when viewing two solar eclipses, and a Venus transit, makes use of the occasion to talk to the public. For this purpose he designed a solar system model which he uses to explain "on the ground" what can be seen. To hear "Oh now I understand" has been for him very rewarding and to then watch his audience moving to the telescopes to see the real thing, gives him a feeling of accomplishment. On these occasions he has been asked the same questions over and over and being as well read as he is, has been able to explain things like "What happened to Pluto?" - the path of the Southern Cross - how Jupiter's moons move and can be seen, even with binoculars -  in ways that are both informative and entertaining. When LAPA Publishers asked him to write a book on astronomy for the layman, his audience suddenly became so much larger. Astronomy Within Reach has been written to answer these questions and many more that will lead to an understanding of the subject. Neville has spent hours drawing many of his own diagrams and researching the answers, before committing them to paper. See the attached flyer for more information. This book is new on the market and has been translated into Afrikaans. Astronomy Within Reach and Sterrekunde Binne Bereik are now available from Neville and at the various outlets.

To purchase the book from Neville please see either www.astronomy-within-reach.co.za

www.sterrekunde-binne-bereik.co.za

where you will find details of how to make your purchase.

In addition to the book Neville is selling on his website, the portable solar system model he has used for so long.This he has produced for use in education and for demonstration purposes. He has other educational aids which he has developed and which are referred to in the book and explained on his website www.starwaders.com Please contact us for any further information  Jen Els Sales & Marketing - Starwaders         "Education for Astronomy" jen@starwaders.com 012 804 5843 083 701 7681

Canon 60Da: Second improved Astro DSLR available

Source: Sky & Telescope (July 2012)

CANON’S RETURN Canon has announced the successor to its long-discontinued 20Da, a DSLR optimized specifi cally for astrophotography. The new Canon EOS 60Da ($1,499) features an 18-megapixel APS-C detector with roughly 4-micron-square pixels and an improved infraredblocking
fi lter that transmits up to three times more hydrogen-alpha light than other Canon DSLR cameras. This modifi cation enables users to record the reddish hydrogen-alpha nebulosity prevalent in the night sky.
The camera incorporates enhanced noise reduction and increased ISO speeds up to 6400, expandable to 12,800. Additional features include a 3-inch fl ip-out vari-angle LCD screen for easy viewing when attached to a telescope. The EOS 60Da’s Live View mode is equipped with Canon’s silent-shooting feature that eliminates shutter-induced vibration. Each purchase includes an AC adapter kit, rechargeable battery, and RA-E3 Remote Controller adapter.

Canon USA
Available through select dealers
www.usa.canon.com

•  dpreview 

• Sample Images ;
• Canon 60Da

Venus transits the sun Bloemfontein 2004

Information: Venus transits the sun. Prof. Matie Hoffman (right) and Hannes Calitz, observer at Boyden Observatory (both from the Department of Physics, University of the Free State) are watching the transit of Venus in front of the sun closely with the “sun telescope” (20 cm Celeostat  Solar Telescope). Notice the small black circle (Venus) close to Prof. Hoffman’s cap, in front of the mammoth sun.  

Date: 8 June 2004

Time: Place: Boyden Observatory

Equipment: Nikon F3 (Film); 50mm f1.8 lens.

Technique: Negatives were scanned and image was finalised in Photoshop

Photographer: Hannes Pieterse

• Live Venus Transit Webcasts 2012

Transit of Venus - Bloemfontein 2004

Date: 8 June 2004

Place: Boyden Observatory

Time: 06:30 – 14:00

Equipment: Nikon F3 (Film), 600mm mirror lens; 2X Converter.

Technique: Red filter. Also without filter. ND filter was used to reduce light.Image Processing: Negatives were scanned and digital images was finalised in Photoshop

Photographer: Hannes Pieterse

Information: Transit of Venus. Nobody alive today has seen a transit of Venus in front of the sun.  The last transit was in 1882.

          Sun's disk. During a transit, Venus can be seen from Earth as a small black disk moving across the face of the Sun. The duration of such transits is usually measured in hours (the transit of 2004 lasted six hours). A transit is similar to a solar eclipse by the Moon, but, although the diameter of Venus is almost 4 times that of the Moon, Venus appears much smaller because it is much farther away from Earth. Before the space age, observations of transits of Venus helped scientists use the parallax method to calculate the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

         Transits of Venus are among the rarest of predictable astronomical phenomena and currently occur in a pattern that repeats every 243 years, with pairs of transits eight years apart separated by long gaps of 121.5 years and 105.5 years. Before 2004, the last pair of transits were in December 1874 and December 1882. The first of a pair of transits of Venus in the beginning of the 21st century took place on June 8, 2004 (see Transit of Venus, 2004) and the next will be on June 6, 2012 (see Transit of Venus, 2012). After 2012, the next transits of Venus will be in December 2117 and December 2125.

          A transit of Venus can be safely observed by taking the same precautions as when observing the partial phases of a solar eclipse. Staring at the brilliant disk of the Sun (the photosphere) with the unprotected eye can quickly cause serious and often permanent eye damage. (Wikipedia information)

• Live Venus Transit Webcasts 2012